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Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Five ECOWAS Countries: A Panel Econometric Estimation
E.F. Oteng-Abayie
Journal of Economics Theory , 2012, DOI: 10.3923/jeth.2011.11.14
Abstract: The study explores the cointegration relationship between government expenditure and economic growth for five ECOWAS countries. A panel cointegration approach is used for the dataset for the first time. From the results, government expenditure and economic growth are not cointegrated in both their common and idiosyncratic components. Thus, further analysis on the causalities among the variables could not be assessed. The results collaborate recent findings on the weakness in using fiscal policy to explain economic growth behaviour in these developing and resource constrained countries.
The Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Ghana: A Cointegration Analysis
J M Frimpong, E F Oteng-Abayie
Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) , 2006,
Abstract: A plethora of both cross-country and country-specific studies have been undertaken to estimate the impact of external debt on growth in developing countries. Their general findings though revealing need to be confirmed in Ghana. This paper estimates empirically the impact of external debt on economic growth in Ghana to determine the existence of a ‘debt overhang' and/or 'crowding out' effects for the period 1970 to 1999. We used the ADF, PP and KPSS tests for unit roots and the Johansen-Juselius multivariate approach to cointegration to test for stationarity and a long-run relationship among variables. A vector error correction model (VECM) was used to estimate the short-run impacts. The results indicate that GDP growth is influenced positively by external debt inflows and negatively by debt servicing revealing the presence of a ‘crowding out effect'. An indication of a ‘debt overhang effect' is also found through the negative impact of domestic investment. Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 26 (3) 2003: pp. 121-130
Estimating An Aggregate Import Demand Function For Ghana
EF Oteng-Abayie, J Appiah-Nkrumah
Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) , 2009,
Abstract: Stable Food Crops Turning Into Commercial Crops: Case studies of Teff, Wheat and Rice in Ethiopia Imports are very crucial for the survival of a small open economy such as Ghana. In this paper, we estimate an import demand function for Ghana for the period 1970 to 2002, as well as consider the time series properties of the data. The time series behaviour of the data indicates a long term relationship between real exchange rates, GDP, and merchandise import. Our empirical estimates suggest that real income (GDP) is the main factor influencing imports in Ghana. The results also indicate that economic growth (real GDP) and depreciation in the local currency could stimulate increased demand for merchandise imports. Further analysis revealed that shocks to imports, real GDP and real exchange rate are important in explaining various innovations in the error variance of each of these variables at different time horizons and at different magnitudes. Particularly, the evidence shows that at short time periods about 65%, 95% and 80% of shocks to real exchange rates, merchandise imports and GDP respectively, are attributed to own shocks
Macroeconomic Determinants of Crude Oil Demand in Ghana
Eric Fosu Oteng-Abayie,Maame Esi Eshun,Prosper Awuni Ayinbilla
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0972150918772923
Abstract: This article investigates the macroeconomic determinants of crude oil demand (consumption) in Ghana with annual data from 1980 to 2013. The study applied the vector error correction model (VECM) to estimate the long-run and short-run determinants of crude oil demand in Ghana within the study period. The long-run estimates reveal that price of crude oil, real GDP per capita, real effective exchange rate and energy saving technical progress are significant long-run determinants of crude oil demand. The results also indicate that crude oil demand in Ghana is income and price inelastic. Crude oil price has a positive long-run effect indicating the virtual lack of substitutes and overdependence on crude oil for energy generation and economic activities in Ghana. Based on the variance decomposition and impulse response analyses, the study also found that positive shocks from real effective exchange rate had a dominant and positive impact on crude oil demand in Ghana. We suggest among others that Ghana vigorously explore alternative and sustainable energy sources to curtail the overdependence on crude oil, strategically hedge against volatilities in the exchange rate market, and revive the country’s oil refinery to refine her own crude oil to reduce importation
A thyroid-related endocrine emergency in pregnancy
E.F Delport
Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa , 2009,
Abstract: A 28-year-old woman presented with a thyroid storm while pregnant. Thyroid storm in pregnancy is a rare, life threatening endocrinological emergency. The diagnosis and management can be challenging. Even with early aggressive therapy the maternal mortality is still high and adverse effects on the pregnancy and fetus are common.
Treatment of childhood Diarrhoea : What mothers do
E.F. Ugochukwu
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice , 2002,
Abstract: Igbo mothers residing in Enugu Urban were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to find out what treatments were given during episodes of diarrhoea in their five year olds. Use of home remedies was first-line treatment. Ninety-seven percent of mothers were aware of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and 86% had used salt sugar solution (SSS). About 23%of mothers could not describe the correct reconstitution of SSS and only 28.4% would give sufficient quantities of SSS to avert dehydration. Antidiarrhoeal drugs were used by 28.3% of mothers. Over a third of mothers practised withdrawal of certain foods and fluid restriction during diarrhea while 48% knew about feeding extra meals after a diarrhoeal illness to allow for catch-up growth. Educated mothers had a better understanding of the management of childhood diarrhoea than their less educated counterparts. Emphasis needs to be laid on demonstrations of SSS preparation by health personnel to mothers. The staff on duty should supervise SSS administration by mothers while in health facilities and more education given on the purpose of SSS use, the quantity administered and correct reconstitution. Key Words: Mothers, childhood diarrhoea, oral rehydration therapy, salt sugar solution, feeding [Nig J Clinical Practice Vol.5(1) 2002: 64-68]
Cell Phone Usage and Travel Behaviour in Ondo State, Nigeria
E.F. Ogunbodede
Journal of Mobile Communication , 2012, DOI: 10.3923/jmcomm.2010.68.74
Abstract: The study examines the state of the practice of the cell phone usage in Ondo State and its effects on travel behaviour of six hundred respondents who were purposively selected from six major towns. This was because controversies surrounded the potentials of cell phone usage as a means of reducing inter-urban travels than when one is using automobiles. Therefore, questions relating to socio-economic background of respondents, effect of cell phone usage on physical travels as well as how it affects pattern of travel of respondents were asked. Findings revealed that people prefer making interaction using their mobile phones than embarking on physical travels. Weekly and seasonal travels have been reduced, while calls have grown astronomically. This has made commuters to spend more on buying recharge cards to enable them make more contacts rather than embark on physical contacts. The cell phone usage has therefore afforded the consumers the opportunity to interact with friends, relations, workers and neighbours without necessarily embarking on any journeys. This mode of contact according to respondents has reduced the frequency of commercial vehicles on the road as well as the frequency of accident occuring on the roads. However, unreliable network of one GSM or the other and the importance attached to calls has made people to patronize more than one GSM (network) in order to link the world at any point in time. This has exerted additional strains on the resources (disposable income) income of the people of Ondo State.
DIE GEBRUIK VAN FALINGSTEMPO AS 'N BESLUITNEMINGSHULPMIDDEL VIR INSTANDHOUDING
E.F. Strauss
South African Journal of Industrial Engineering , 2012,
Abstract: Falingstempomodelle (en veral die badmodel) word dikwels gebruik vir die analisering van oorsake van falings om regstellende aksie te neem. Daar is egter sekere slaggate in die gebruik van bier die metode wat die besluitnemer mislei en foutiewe besluite (aksies) tot gevolg het. Hierdie swakhede word ontleed en 'n -eenvoudige alternatief (nie,- , noodwendig die beste alternatief nie) word in die plek daarvan voorgehou.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GRINDING FORCES
E.F. Fielding
South African Journal of Industrial Engineering , 2012,
Abstract: Traditionally the grinding process has been a finishing process and the operating parameters and the resuns obtained in this mode are well known. However, wHh the advent of more modern techniques in grinding, there is a need for a greater understanding of the process and in particular a need to be able to predict the forces in grinding. The work reported here is part of an overall programme to study the effects of different dress leads, wheel formulations and metal removal rates on grinding ratios, surlace finish and grinding forces. The work so far has led to the development of empirical relationships based on the various factors in the dressing and grinding operations, these empirical relationships are more easily applied than the relationships developed by other researchers that rely on measurements obtained during testing. The work is now being extended to develop a theoretical derivation on the same principles, the implications of which will be discussed in the paper.
Soyabean Processing, Utilization and Health Benefits
E.F. Fabiyi
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , 2006,
Abstract: Acceptance of soyabean seems to increase. Soyabean proves to be the most popular means of relief from Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) as protein from animals is beyond the cost many people can afford. To bridge the widening gap between protein requirement and availability soyabean is expected to constitute the main source of protein for the future. Although a lot has been achieved, a lot still has to be done in processing. The relatively recent discovery that soyabean may prevent a number of diseases may result in increased acceptance of soyabean if there is adequate awareness. Many authors have reported the nutritional value of soyabean. The quality of soyabean has actually been underestimated until recently. It is now concluded that the quality of soyabean protein is comparable to that of animal protein sources such as milk and beef. Soyabean produces high quality oil about 20% of its content and protein about 40% of the bean. Its protein content is superior, with substantial levels of most essential amino acids. Consumption of foods containing soyabean and soyabean products has been associated with improved heart disease risk factors, reduced osteoporosis, alleviation of menopausal symptoms, reduced cancer risk and in a limited number of studies reduced diabetes and helps people to stay lean and has no cholesterol. The degree of milling soyabean influences the palatability and digestibility. High protein yield is ensured at the end of processing as well as maintenance of texture. There is the need for increased utilization and awareness bout its health benefits.
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